Where did the
first month of summer, June, get its name? In Old English, this month was often
referred to as simply “midsummer month.” Today being June 1st,
there is more to the month than the end of spring and beginning of summer.
In Greek
mythology, the month may come due to Hera, known in Roman as Juno. In Roman myth, she is the patron goddess of Rome. She is
shown alternately as a cruel goddess in Virgil’s Aeneid, and the goddess
of marriage and childbirth. In fact, summer weddings are still very popular,
and they may have started because of the blessing that this goddess bestowed on
those who got married in her sacred month.
In ancient Roman
religion and myth, Janus is the god of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality,
doorways, passages, and endings. He is Connected to the month June
too. The relationship between Janus and the Greek goddess Juno is defined by the
closeness of the notions of beginning and transition and the functions of conception
and delivery, result of youth and vital force.
This Roman god is usually
depicted as having two faces, since he looks to the future and to the past. In
other words, sounds like Gemini twins in the zodiac, which is connected to
birthdays end of May through a portion of June. Gemini people are thought to be
two-faced in their personalities.
Janus presided
over the beginning and ending of conflict, and hence war and peace. The gates
of a building in Rome named after him, not a temple as it is often called, but
an open enclosure with gates at each end, were opened in time of war, and
closed to mark the arrival of peace (which did not happen very often). As a god
of transitions, he had functions pertaining to birth and to journeys and exchange, and in his association with Portunus, a similar harbor and gateway god, he was concerned with
travelling, trading and shipping. The ancient Greeks had no equivalent to Janus, whom the Romans claimed as distinctively
their own.
The function god
of beginnings has been clearly expressed in numerous ancient sources, among
them most notably Cicero, Ovid, and Varro. As a god of motion,
Janus looks after passages, causes actions to start and presides over all
beginnings. Since movement and change are interconnected, he has a double
nature, symbolized in his two headed image. He has under his tutelage the
stepping in and out of the door of homes.
According to myth
Janus was the first to mint coins and the as, first coin of the liberal series, bears his effigy on one
face.
Representing time, Janus was worshipped at the beginnings of the harvest and
planting times, as well as at marriages, deaths and other beginnings. He
represented the middle ground between barbarism and civilization, rural and
urban space, youth and adulthood. Having jurisdiction over beginnings Janus had
an intrinsic association with omens and auspices.
The birthstone of June is the pearl. Arabian legend say pearls are drops of the moon that the oyster has
fallen in love with. The Chinese believed that the pearl came from the brain of a dragon.
As we forge ahead into June, thinking of the end of school, summer,
end of spring, summer vacation, the beach or pool, and amusement parks, it is
interesting to learn there is more to June than the mundane.
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